POLAND STATE

Poland state has been selected by Roberto Amati in relation to the real history of european integration, then enlisted in the EUROPEAN STATES category, accompanied by own fact SHEET useful to the comprehension, completed of historical MAPS AND IMAGES or with a direct linking to the related Blog contents dedicated to the aeternitas and the future of Europe.

Poland is an aeternitas of the history of european integration that will have influence on the future of Europe. The name given by the inhabitants is RZECZPOSPOTITA POLSKA with the official national language of Polish (belonging to the group of Slavic family) spoken by the citizens who today live in the parlamentary republic of Poland, together with the residents of others European peoples speaking mostly Belarusian, Czech, Slovak or Ukrainian.

Poland is situated in northern-eastern Europe: northwarding on the Baltic Sea, its northern borders run along with the russian exlave of Kalinigrad and with Lithuania, at Easth with Belarus and Ukraine, at South with Slovakia and Czech Republic and at West with Germany. The territory of Poland is mostly flat, spreaded between the great German plain and the inmense Russian-Sarmatic Plain, delimited at South by the Sudetes group, the Ore Mountains and the Carpatian chain ending into the Tatra block in a long hilly strip. From those mountains take origin the most important rivers of Odra and Vistula running through the whole country before to erupt in the Baltic Sea and design the Szczecin Bay and the Gulf of Gdansk: they delimited the coasts of Poland that are sandy and rich of little lagunas and lakes, whose are larger and unnumerables in the region of socalled 'Great Lakes' of Mazovia alimented by the Lina and Narew rivers, tributaries of Vistula as the Warta and the San. The climate is continental influnced byhumidity from the sea, with long cold and heavy snowy precipitations winters and hot summers even in the hilly southern area.

The history of Poland began with the settlements of Balts people (as you can read in this article), who had been living in that area since ever together with the Polish tribe of Slavs during the Bronze age: they were splitted in 3 groups who had been submitted by Moravians, that invaded the region founding in IX century A.D. the Great Reign of Moravia under the Mojmir dinasty, including the southern regions of Silesia and Galicia. The rest of Polish formed the Great Duchy of Poland in 842 A.D. ruled by Piast dinasty, that was elevated as christian Kingdom of Poland in 1025 A.D. and could annex the various duchies of Silesia, Lusatia and Krakow founded after the extionsion of the moravian state and ruled by other branches of the royal family.

The Poland history became part of the history of european integration in XIII century A.D. when the Teutonics Knights conquered the baltic area and founded the Deutsche Orden within the Reich Empire: at the end of an enduring fight the Polish won the 'Great Lakes of Mazovia battle' in Tannenberg (1410 A.D.) and could join the other fiefs of Mazovia and Pomerania, submitting the Teutonics to the Poland Krone except for the Duchy of Prussia. Meantime, the Polish royal family estinguished and the Regna Poland passed to members of Premyslid and Angioini dinasties who ruled it personally together with the Bohemia Krone and the Regnum Hungary: but that great concentration of power attracted the interests of the western european genealogies, so that the Polish nobles (Junkers) elected the great duke of near Lithuania who accepted the christian conversion and changed name in Jogaila, starting the Jagelloni dinasty that ruled the Poland-Lithuania Krone until 1572 A.D.. At its estinction, the Krone was ruled by several princeps of various dinasties (in particular Vasa and Wettin) until 1795 A.D. when the regna went splitted among Russia Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia.

Poland got independent in 1919 A.D. at the end of the First World War as I Republic founded after the fall of the Russian Zarade. But it went divided and annexed again to Soviet Union and III Reich of Germany in 1939 A.D. (with the secret treaty Ribbentrop-Molotov) until 1945 A.D., when was restored but under dominion of Soviet Union. When it collapsed in 1989 A.D., Poland turned to the definitive independence with the II Repubblic after a short dictatur and strong protest of workers affilied to Solidarnosc Union. Nowadays Poland is administered by regions (Greater Poland, Kuyavian-Pomeranian, Lesser Poland, Lodz, Lower Silesian, Lublin, Lubusz, Masovian, Opole, Podlaskie, Pomeranian, Silesian, Subcarpathian, Holy Cross, Warmian-Masurian, West Pomeranian) and its capital is in Warsaw, while the biggest Poland cities are the industrial or portual centres of Katowice, Lodz, Szczecin, while Poznan, Gniezno, Gdansk, Krakow and Wroclaw have been founded as ancient Archibishoprics of the catholic church. Poland is part of European Union but did not adopted the Euro coin, so the Poland currency is the Lek.

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